Keyhole mode welding

1. R. Rai, G.G. Roy, T. DebRoy, A Computationally Efficient Model of Convective Heat Transfer and Solidification Characteristics during Keyhole Mode Laser Welding, Journal of Applied Physics 2007, vol. 101, article #054909 (pdf).

2. R. Rai and T. DebRoy, Tailoring Weld Geometry during Keyhole Mode Laser Welding using a Genetic Algorithm and a Heat Transfer Model, Journal of Physics, D: Applied Physics, 2006, vol. 39(6), pp. 1257-1266 (pdf).

3. H. Zhao and T. DebRoy, Macro-porosity Free Aluminum Alloy Weldments through Numerical Simulation of Keyhole Mode Laser Welding, Journal of Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 93(12), pp. 10089-10096 (pdf).